PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 002
iScience ll OPEN ACCESS Ar ticle High-voltage and long-lasting aqueous chlorine-ion battery by virtue of ‘‘water-in-salt’’ electrolyte Tong Li,1 Mingqiang Li,1,2,* Hang Li,1 and Hu Zhao1 SUMMARY Chloride-ion battery (CIB) is regarded as a promising electrochemical storage de- vice due to their high theoretical volumetric capacities, low cost, and high abun- dance. However, low-cycle life limits its application in the energy storage field. Herein, we report a rechargeable CIB composed of a ‘‘water-in-salt’’ electrolyte, a zinc anode, and a carbon cathode (graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon black). These cathodes exhibit initial reversible specific capacities of 136, 108, and 102 mAh g1, respectively. Especially, a reversible discharge capacity of 95 mAh g1 was retained after 2000 cycles when graphene is used as the cathode. Such high cycling stability was first reported in CIBs. Furthermore, the use of ‘‘wa- ter-in-salt’’ electrolytes has improved the discharge platform of aqueous CIBs to 2.6V. The charge and discharge mechanism of the carbon cathode was investi- gated by TEM, FTIR, Raman, and XPS, proving the chloride ions reversible absorp- tion/desorption in carbon cathodes. INTRODUCTION With the development of portable electronic devices, clean energy, and electric vehicles, there is a growing demand for rechargeable batteries with high cycle life, low cost, and high energy density that are environ- ment-friendly and safe (Amine et al., 2014). Lithium-ion batteries dominate the present-day portable elec- tronics market with their higher energy density, lower self-discharge, and good cycling stability (Zheng et al., 2006; Ding et al., 2018; Li et al., 2015). However, the practical implementation of Li-ion batteries on large-scale application is limited by its safety concerns, limited lithium resources, and high cost, leading to the intense exploration of alternative secondary batteries with safety, rich electrode material reserves, and low cost (Wessells et al., 2011; Ellis and Naazar, 2012; Li et al., 2018a, 2018b; Jayaprakash et al., 2011). Among various rechargeable ion batteries, chloride-ion battery (CIB) is regarded as the promising electrochemical systems due to their theoretical volumetric energy density (2,500 Wh/L) and abundant chloride-content for both electrolyte and electrode (Chen et al., 2019; Yin et al., 2019). Xiangyu Zhao et al. firstly proposed the concept of rechargeable CIB composed of the metal chloride cath- ode, the metal anode (Li, Mg, Ca), and the binary ionic liquids electrolyte (Zhao et al., 2014). The issue is that the metal chloride cathodes can react with chloride ions in the ionic liquids electrolyte, leading to severe capacity decay of the CIB and thus deliver a poor cycle life. Metal oxychlorides (FeOCl, VOCl, Sb4O5Cl2) and chloride ion-doped conducting polymer materials such as PpyCl have been explored as cathode ma- terials for CIBs (Zhao et al., 2013, 2017; Gao et al., 2014, 2016; Lakshmi et al., 2019). Although these new cathode materials show better stability and electrochemical performance than metal chlorides in ionic liquids electrolyte, the issue of electrode dissolution remains. Therefore, exploring highly reversible elec- trodes and compatible electrolytes are critical to the development of CIBs. Carbon materials have been widely used in electrochemical energy storage systems due to their diversified structure, rich surface morphology, strong controllability, and excellent electrical conductivity (Zhang et al., 2015). In the field of rechargeable batteries, intercalation reactions and compounds of various graphite have been studied (Winter et al., 1998), for example, graphite anode has been used in ion batteries that can reversibly insert and extract cations (Slater et al., 2013; Wen et al., 2014). Recently, the co-intercalation of chloride ions and bromine ions in graphite cathode was reported; this makes it possible to realize the transfer of chloride ions in graphite (Yang et al., 2019), providing a new idea for the selection of the cathode of CIBs. 1School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China 2Lead contact *Correspondence: limingq@dlut.edu.cn https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci. 2020.101976 iScience 24, 101976, January 22, 2021 a 2020 The Author(s). 1 This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).PDF Image | aqueous chlorine ion battery
PDF Search Title:
aqueous chlorine ion batteryOriginal File Name Searched:
high-voltage-cl-ion-battery.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Salgenx Redox Flow Battery Technology: Power up your energy storage game with Salgenx Salt Water Battery. With its advanced technology, the flow battery provides reliable, scalable, and sustainable energy storage for utility-scale projects. Upgrade to a Salgenx flow battery today and take control of your energy future.
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@salgenx.com | RSS | AMP |