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CHLORINE BASICS 11 2.6.4 Fire Chlorine is neither explosive nor flammable. Chlorine will support combustion under certain conditions. Many materials that burn in oxygen (air) atmospheres will also burn in chlorine atmospheres. 2.6.5 Chemical Action/Reactions Chlorine has a very strong chemical affinity for many substances. It will react with many inorganic and organic compounds, usually with the evolution of heat. Chlorine reacts with some metals under a variety of conditions (see Section 10.3.3). It is especially important to not use any titanium in dry chlorine service. Chlorine will react with steel and other metals at temperatures above 149°C (300°F). Do not weld piping and other equipment without properly evacuating and purging chlorine from the equipment. 2.6.6 Corrosive Action on Steel and Other Metals At ambient temperatures, dry chlorine, either liquid or gas, does not corrode steel. Wet chlorine is highly corrosive because it forms hydrochloric and hypochlorous acids. Precautions should be taken to keep chlorine and chlorine equipment dry. Piping, valves, and containers should be closed or capped when not in use to keep out atmospheric moisture such as precipitation or humidity. Materials of construction must be chosen carefully, depending on the conditions that are expected. If water is used on a chlorine leak, the resulting corrosive conditions will make the leak worse. 2.6.7 Volumetric Expansion The volume of liquid chlorine increases with temperature. Precautions should be taken to avoid hydrostatic rupture of piping, vessels, containers, or other equipment filled with liquid chlorine (see Figure 10.4). Any time liquid chlorine can be trapped between two valves, an expansion device should be present. 2.6.8 Personal Protection The most significant health hazard associated with chlorine is being exposed to chlorine vapors. Respiratory protection must be assured by process design, operating procedures and personal protective equipment. Skin contact with liquid chlorine can result in frostbite. See CI Pamphlet 65 (11.1). 3. CYLINDERS AND TON CONTAINERS 3.1 CONTAINER DESCRIPTIONS 3.1.1 General Cylinders and ton containers have many similarities in the way in which they are handled. The terms “cylinder,’’ ‘‘ton cylinder,’’ or “drum” should not be used to describe the ton container. Emergency and other equipment for handling ton containers is different from that used for cylinders and confusion can be avoided if the proper terms are used.PDF Image | Chlorine Basics 8
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