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32 PAMPHLET 1 Table 7.1 1 – 3 3 5 – 15 10 20 30 40 – 60 430 1000 Chlorine Exposure Thresholds, Limits, and Guidelines (ppm) Mild mucous membrane irritation, tolerated up to 1 hour AIHA ERPG-2: The maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed that nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to 1 hour without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms which could impair an individual’s ability to take protective action. Moderate irritation of the respiratory tract. The gas is very irritating, and it is unlikely that any person would remain in such an exposure for more than a very brief time unless the person is trapped or unconscious NIOSH IDLH: The airborne concentration that poses an immediate threat to life, would cause irreversible adverse health effects, or would impair an individual's ability to escape from a dangerous atmosphere. Values are based on a 30-minute exposure. AIHA ERPG-3: The maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed that nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to 1 hour without experiencing or developing life-threatening health effects. Immediate chest pain, vomiting, dyspnea (shortness of breath), and cough Toxic pneumonitis (inflammation of the lungs) and pulmonary edema (accumulation of fluid in the lungs) Lethal over 30 minutes Fatal within minutes. Note: Values presented in Table 7.1 that are not designated as ACGIH, AIHA, NIOSH or OSHA values are from “Medical Toxicology: Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning,” Ellenhorn, M.J. and D.G. Barceloux, Eds., Elsevier, New York (1988). pp. 878-879. 7.1.1 Acute Toxicity The toxic effects of chlorine are due to its corrosive properties. Chlorine is primarily removed by the upper airways. Exposure to low concentrations of chlorine gas may cause irritation to the nose, respiratory tract, and eyes (burning discomfort, blinking, redness, conjunctivitis, and tearing). As concentrations increase, so does the irritating effect on the upper and lower respiratory tract, manifested as coughing with eventual difficulty breathing. Inhalation of chlorine gas at greater than 15 ppm may lead to airway constriction and accumulation of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema). As duration ofPDF Image | Chlorine Basics 8
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