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36 PAMPHLET 1 8.2.2 Air Openings Chlorine gas is heavier than air and has a tendency to collect at floor level. The exhaust air system should draw from a location at or near floor level. An elevated fresh air inlet must be provided and should be located for adequate cross ventilation. Multiple fresh air inlets and fans may be necessary to facilitate adequate ventilation. Fans, if used, should be made to start and stop from a safe, remote location. Alternatively, it may be desirable to pressurize an installation with fresh air and to exhaust the contaminated air through outlets at floor level. 8.2.3 Heating Rooms containing chlorinator feed equipment should be maintained at a normal indoor temperature to facilitate gas discharge rates from the container. Extreme room temperatures should be avoided in order to prevent an accidental chlorine release due to melting of the fuse plug. 8.3 MATERIAL FOR PROCESSING EQUIPMENT Materials of construction for handling dry chlorine and wet chlorine are very different. Temperature also plays an important role in material selection. (See CI Pamphlets 6, 100, and 164 (11.1)). 8.3.1 General Commercial liquid chlorine contains only minor amounts of impurities and is dry enough to be handled in carbon steel equipment. In the manufacturing process, certain properties unique to chlorine should be considered when considering the materials of construction. 8.3.2 Water in Chlorine Wet chlorine may be safely handled with a variety of materials which can be chosen to suit the process conditions. Some materials, such as titanium, are suitable for wet chlorine but not for dry chlorine. Titanium reacts violently with dry chlorine. Titanium is a safe material in wet gaseous chlorine service provided the percentage of water in the chlorine vapor is sufficient to passivate the titanium metal. This is dependent on the total pressure and temperature of the system. Use CI Pamphlet 165 (11.1) to determine the safe conditions for titanium in wet chlorine service. 8.3.3 Temperature Carbon steel used in the handling of dry chlorine must be kept within definite temperature limits. Where process temperatures are expected to exceed 300°F (149°C), the material used should be more resistant than carbon steel to high temperature corrosion by chlorine. Above 300°F (149°C) chlorine can rapidly attack and ignite the steel. Impurities in the chlorine and/or a high surface area of the steel may significantly lower the auto-ignition temperature of chlorine and steel.PDF Image | Chlorine Basics 8
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