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CHLORINE BASICS 39 cracking, particularly in the presence of moisture at ambient or elevated temperatures. Certain metal piping materials, including titanium, aluminum, gold, and tin, cannot be used with dry chlorine. Some plastics can be used under certain conditions. See CI Pamphlet 6 (11.1). Plastic piping can become brittle in chlorine service and has a limited service life. Periodic inspection and replacement is recommended. 8.6.2 Design and Installation General Design Piping arrangements should be routed for the shortest distance practical with respect to flexibility, line expansion, and good engineering practice. Piping systems should be properly supported, adequately sloped to allow drainage, and low spots should be minimized. Avoid installing lines next to steam lines, acid lines, or any other lines that could cause corrosion of the chlorine line. Chlorine piping should be protected from all risks of excessive heat or fire. Periodic inspection and replacement is recommended for all piping systems in chlorine service. For detailed information on piping material selection and general design, see CI Pamphlet 6 (11.1). Items that should be considered for piping design in CI Pamphlet 6 include: Liquid Expansion - Liquid chlorine has a high coefficient of thermal expansion. If liquid chlorine is trapped between two closed valves, an increase in temperature of the trapped liquid will result in high pressures potentially leading to a rupture of the line. The causes of possible rupture must be considered in the design of any piping systems. Protection may be either a suitably designed, operated and maintained expansion chamber, a pressure relief valve, or a rupture disc. Condensation - Condensation or reliquefaction of chlorine may occur in chlorine gas lines which pass through areas where the temperature is below the temperature-pressure equilibrium. Condensation can usually be prevented by the use of a pressure reducing valve or heat tracing and insulating the line. Any heat tracing installation should be designed such that the surface temperature of the pipe shall not exceed 300°F (149°C) to limit the possibility of a chlorine/carbon steel reaction. Installation – Joints in chlorine piping may be flanged, screwed or welded depending on piping size, though flanged and screwed joints should be kept to a minimum. If screwed joints are used, extreme care should be taken to obtain clean and sharp threads. Before cutting or welding on a chlorine line, a determination must be made that the system is chlorine free. Dry chlorine can support combustion of carbon steel, nickel and other materials. RoutingPDF Image | Chlorine Basics 8
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