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Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org Additionally, large amounts of 36Cl were produced by irradiation of seawater during atmospheric detonations of nuclear weapons between 1952 and 1958. The residence time of 36Cl in the atmosphere is about 1 week. Thus, as an event marker of 1950s water in soil and ground water, 36Cl is also useful for dating waters less than 50 years before the present. 36Cl has seen use in other areas of the geological sciences, including dating ice and sediments. 2 . 2 Occurrence ( Halide minerals ) In nature, chlorine is found primarily as the chloride ion, a component of the salt that is deposited in the earth or dissolved in the oceans — about 1.9 % of the mass of seawater is chloride ions. Even higher concentrations of chloride are found in the Dead Sea and in underground brine deposits. Most chloride salts are soluble in water, thus, chloride-containing minerals are usually only found in abundance in dry climates or deep underground . Common chloride minerals include halite ( sodium chloride ) , sylvite (potassium chloride), and carnallite ( potassium magnesium chloride hexahydrate ) . Over 2000 naturally-occurring organic chlorine compounds are known . Industrially, elemental chlorine is usually produced by the electrolysis of sodium chloride dissolved in water. Along with chlorine, this chloralkali process yields hydrogen gas and sodium hydroxide, according to the following chemical equation: 2 NaCl + 2 H2O → Cl2 + H2 + 2 NaOH 3 . History The most common compound of chlorine, sodium chloride, has been known since ancient times; archaeologists have found evidence that rock salt was used as early as 3000 BC and brine as early as 6000 BC. The first compound of chlorine synthesized was probably hydrochloric acid (as a solution), which was prepared by the Persian alchemist Rhazes around 900 AD. Around 1200 AD, aqua regia (a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid) began to be used to dissolve gold,[citation needed] and today this is still one of the few reagents 4PDF Image | Chlorine Characteristics
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