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Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org swimming pool ceilings have occurred owing to stress corrosion cracking of stainless steel rods used to suspend them.[citation needed] Some polymers are also sensitive to attack, including acetal resin and polybutene. Both materials were used in hot and cold water domestic supplies, and stress corrosion cracking caused widespread failures in the USA in the 1980s and ' 90s. One example shows an acetal joint in a water supply system, which when it fractured, caused substantial physical damage to computers in the labs below the supply. The cracks started at injection molding defects in the joint and grew slowly until finally triggered. The fracture surface shows iron and calcium salts which were deposited in the leaking joint from the water supply before failure . 6 . 6 Other uses Chlorine is used in the manufacture of numerous organic chlorine compounds, the most significant of which in terms of production volume are 1,2 – dichloro ethane and vinyl chloride, intermediates in the production of PVC. Other particularly important organochlorines are methyl chloride, methylene chloride, chloroform, vinylidene chloride, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, allyl chloride, epichloro hydrin , chloro benzene, dichloro benzenes and tri chloro benzenes. Chlorine is also used in the production of chlorates and in bromine extraction. 7 . Health effects Chlorine is a toxic gas that irritates the respiratory system. Because it is heavier than air, it tends to accumulate at the bottom of poorly ventilated spaces. Chlorine gas is a strong oxidizer, which may react with flammable materials . Chlorine is detectable in concentrations of as low as 1 ppm. Coughing and vomiting may occur at 30 ppm and lung damage at 60 ppm. About 1000 ppm can be fatal after a few deep breaths of the gas . Breathing lower concentrations can aggravate the respiratory system, and exposure to the gas can irritate the eyes . 19PDF Image | Chlorine Characteristics
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