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Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org 3 . Chemistry Acid titration: Hydrogen chloride ( HCl ) is a mono protic acid, which means it can dissociate ( i.e., ionize ) only once to give up one H+ ion ( a single proton ) . In aqueous hydrochloric acid, the H+ joins a water molecule to form a hydronium ion, H3O+ : HCl + H2O → H3O+ + Cl− The other ion formed is Cl−, the chloride ion. Hydrochloric acid can therefore be used to prepare salts called chlorides, such as sodium chloride. Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid, since it is essentially completely dissociated in water . Monoprotic acids have one acid dissociation constant, Ka, which indicates the level of dissociation in water. For a strong acid like HCl, the Ka is large. Theoretical attempts to assign a Ka to HCl have been made . When chloride salts such as Na Cl are added to aqueous HCl they have practically no effect on pH, indicating that Cl− is an exceedingly weak conjugate base and that H Cl is fully dissociated in aqueous solution. For intermediate to strong solutions of hydrochloric acid, the assumption that H+ molarity (a unit of concentration) equals HCl molarity is excellent, agreeing to four significant digits . Of the seven common strong mineral acids in chemistry, hydrochloric acid is the mono protic acid least likely to undergo an interfering oxidation - reduction reaction. It is one of the least hazardous strong acids to handle; despite its acidity, it consists of the non - reactive and non - toxic chloride ion. Intermediate strength hydrochloric acid solutions are quite stable upon storage, maintaining their concentrations over time. These attributes, plus the fact that it is available as a pure reagent, mean that hydrochloric acid makes an excellent acidifying reagent . Hydro chloric acid is the preferred acid in titration for determining the amount of bases . Strong acid titrants give more precise results due to a more distinct endpoint. Azeotropic or " constant – boiling " hydrochloric acid ( roughly 20.2 % ) can be used as a primary standard in quantitative analysis, although its exact 26PDF Image | Chlorine Characteristics
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