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Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org by digestive enzymes such as pepsin. The low pH also activates the enzyme precursor pepsinogen into the active enzyme pepsin by self - cleavage. After leaving the stomach, the hydrochloric acid of the chyme is neutralized in the duodenum by sodium bicarbonate . The stomach itself is protected from the strong acid by the secretion of a thick, protective mucus layer, and by secreting induced buffering with sodium bicarbonate. Heartburn or peptic ulcers can develop when these mechanisms fail. Drugs of the antihistaminic and proton pump inhibitor classes can inhibit the production of acid in the stomach, and antacids are used to neutralize existing acid . 8 . Safety Concentrated hydrochloric acid ( fuming hydrochloric acid ) forms acidic mists. Both the mist and the solution have a corrosive effect on human tissue, with the potential to damage respiratory organs, eyes, skin, and intestines. Upon mixing hydrochloric acid with common oxidizing chemicals, such as sodium hypochlorite ( bleach, NaClO ) or potassium permanganate ( KMnO4 ) , the toxic gas chlorine is produced. Na ClO + 2 H Cl → H2 O + Na Cl + Cl2 2 K Mn O4 + 16 H Cl → 2 Mn Cl2 + 8H2O + 2 KCl + 5 Cl2 Personal protective equipment such as rubber or PVC gloves, protective eye goggles, and chemical-resistant clothing and shoes are used to minimize risks when handling hydro chloric acid . The hazards of solutions of hydro chloric acid depend on the concentration. The following table lists the EU classification of hydrochloric acid solutions . The United States Environmental Protection Agency rates and regulates hydro chloric acid as a toxic substance . 32PDF Image | Chlorine Characteristics
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