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Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org further react with another amino group to form a Schiff base, causing cross - linking and aggregation of proteins . 4 . 1 . 3 . Reaction with DNA and Nucleotides Hypochlourous acid reacts slowly with DNA and RNA as well as all nucleotides in vitro . GMP is the most reactive because HClO reacts with both the heterocyclic NH group and the amino group. In similar manner, TMP with only a heterocyclic NH group that is reactive with H ClO is the second-most reactive. AMP and CMP, which have only a slowly reactive amino group are less reactive with HClO . UMP has been reported to be reactive only at a very slow rate . The heterocyclic NH groups are more reactive than amino groups, and their secondary chloramines are able to donate the chlorine.[9] These reactions likely interfere with DNA base pairing, and, consistent with this, Prütz has reported a decrease in viscosity of DNA exposed to HClO similar to that seen with heat denaturation. The sugar moieties are unreactive and the DNA back bone is not broken . NADH can react with chlorinated TMP and UMP as well as HClO. This reaction can regenerate UMP and TMP and results in the 5 - hydroxy derivative of NADH. The reaction with TMP or UMP is slowly reversible to regenerate H ClO. A second slower reaction that results in cleavage of the pyridine ring occurs when excess HClO is present. NAD + is inert to H ClO . 4 . 4 . 1 . Reaction with lipids Hypochlorous acid reacts with unsaturated bonds in lipids, but not saturated bonds, and the OCl− ion does not participate in this reaction. This reaction occurs by hydrolysis with addition of chlorine to one of the carbons and a hydroxyl to the other. The resulting compound is a chlorhydrin. The polar chlorine disrupts lipid bilayers and could increase permeability. When chlorhydrin formation occurs in lipid bilayers of red blood cells, increased permeability occurs. Disruption could occur if enough chlorhydrin is formed. The addition of preformed chlorhydrins to red blood cells can affect permeability as well. Cholesterol chlorhydrins have also been observed, but do not 37PDF Image | Chlorine Characteristics
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