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(d) Cells operate at elevated temperatures and hot sodium hydroxide solution will dissolve chlorine. (e) The simple cell is not a continuous process. (f) Once a significant proportion of the sodium chloride has been converted to the hydroxide, the cell is operating with dilute solutions of NaCl, which makes it inefficient. - cathode hydrogen + anode chlorine brine NaOH Figure 1. Simple electrolytic cell. One of the first methods employed to overcome some of these problems was the diaphragm cell shown schematically in Figure 2. It differs from the simple cell of Figure 1 in that the anode and cathode are separated by a permeable membrane (originally made from porous pot). The level of electrolyte in the anode chamber is maintained at a slightly higher level than that in the cathode chamber by allowing fresh brine to trickle in at the same rate as it runs out through the diaphragm. The net result is a continuous flow of electrolyte from anode to cathode chamber but the electrolytic reaction is identical to that in the simple cell. The diaphragm cell overcomes most of the problems of the simple cell. Hydrogen and chlorine are produced in separate chambers, sodium hydroxide cannot diffuse into the anode chamber to react with the chlorine because of the continuous flow of brine through the diaphragm, the anode is presented with a constant concentration of sodium chloride so producing chlorine at a constant rate and, finally, the process is continuous. cl2 5PDF Image | CHLORINE Euro Eco Profile
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