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Table 1. Production of chlorine, sodium hydroxide, hydrogen and sodium hypochlorite in thousands of tonnes by the different production routes in the sample of plants examined. NaOH and NaOCl are expressed as 100% chemical and not as solution mass. Production from Chlorine plants operating: Sodium Hydrogen Sodium hydroxide hypochlorite 6386 189 374 2045 51 125 1063 27 3 9494 267 502 Mercury cells Membrane cells Diaphragm cells Totals 7792 5007 1836 949 PRODUCT TREATMENT Most chlorine is dried using concentrated sulphuric acid and then compressed. A small proportion (≈ 5% of the sample examined) was liquefied. Sodium hydroxide from mercury cells is usually produced as a 50% solution. That produced in both membrane and diaphragm cells is treated to remove residual sodium chloride and is concentrated. A small proportion (≈ 4% of the sample examined) produced solid sodium hydroxide. None of the plants examined reported any treatment for the hydrogen produced. In many instances this hydrogen was burned in the steam plant to generate process steam and, occasionally, electricity for use in the electrolysis plant. PARTITIONING Sodium chloride In the present work, sodium chloride has been partitioned between chlorine, sodium hydroxide and, where appropriate, sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen chloride on the basis of the stoichiometric demand. Any excess inputs of sodium chloride have been attributed to the relevant products in proportion to their stoichiometric demands. Water emissions Those water emissions associated with NaCl and its purification have been attributed to chlorine, sodium hydroxide and, where appropriate, sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen chloride on the basis of the quantities of sodium chloride attributed to each of these products. Water emissions, which could not cl2 8PDF Image | CHLORINE Euro Eco Profile
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