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evolution at the NE). Cl2 can be removed from the system by pre-emptively triggering a reaction with H2 to prevent a critical buildup. In conclusion, we have found that Cl2 generation is possible in the MA VRFB system at SOCs much lower than previously considered. By directly analyzing the amount of Cl2 gas generated we have determined that this process occurs through an electrochemical pathway involving direct conversion of the Cl- ions to Cl2 gas at the PE at cell voltages as low as 1.5 V or about 74% SOC. Cl2 generation is shown to be a dynamic process influenced by electrolyte chemistry, Cl2 in the headspace, and poor mass transport at high SOCs causing polarization of the PE. We propose several methods to limit gas generation that have immediate applicability in fielded systems.12 However, even low levels of gas production may pose significant safety risks. Numerous battery systems using HCl as part of or the main component of the supporting electrolyte are under development and the results presented here lay a foundation for assessing gas evolution risks in those systems.13, 22-25 Understanding the fundamental science of gas evolution at the lab-scale is essential to avoid further incidents in fielded HCl-containing systems. ASSOCIATED CONTENT Supporting Information. • Experimental conditions and additional cycling data, calculations for influence of HCl on formal potential and scaling to larger systems AUTHOR INFORMATION Author Contributions R.M.W.: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Formal Analysis, Writing – Original Draft, Writing – Review and Editing and Visualization; C.P.: Methodology, 12PDF Image | Chlorine Gas Generation in Mixed-Acid Vanadium Redox
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