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between 0.012 and 0.0165 in. Measurements between the top and bottom of the plates showed no differences on some of the plates, while on others the bottoms were 0.001- to 0.002-in. thicker than the tops. However, from side to side, the CI2 bus side was consistently thicker than the Zn bus side. This difference was approximately 18%. The chlorine electrodes also were examined. Although a few chlorine electrodes in cell 8R had cracked, inspection of the other cells revealed no cracked electrodes. Samples of a tar-like material found in the end electrode packs of the unit cells were saved for later analysis. From these observations, several test modifications were made to the four disassem bled cells in an effort to increase the capacity and energy efficiency of the cells. The battery was then cycled twice, and charged beyond the appearance of dendrites. The four modified unit cells were again disassembled, and compared with the zinc morphology observed before. These results, and the results from the parasitic cur rent measurements described below, formed the basis for modifications to the entire stack. Parasitic Current Measurements From the previous observations, a definite pattern of decreasing zinc deposition from the end cells to the center cells was shown. This was thought to be attributable to the effects of parasitic currents, leakage currents, or electrolyte flow distribution. Parasitic currents in this context are those currents which flow in the electrolyte through the battery by way of the manifolds that feed electrolyte to the cells, and tubes in which electrolyte flows from the cells. Leakage currents are those currents that flow around the unit cell bus bars due to imperfect sealing. The electrolyte flow distribution referred to is determined by the electrolyte inlet and header mani fold construction (see Figure 23-1). It has been observed that the flow of electro lyte to the center cells is greater than to the end cells. Measurements of parasitic current, as well as leakage current and corrosion current (rate of chlorine reaction at the zinc substrate electrode) were also made on the 20kWh battery. Figure 23-2 illustrates the results of the measurements. The intercell leakage current was obtained by filling the cell compartments with electrolyte, turning off the electrolyte pump, and measuring the current. When the curve is extrapolated to the normal charging potential of 23 volts, the resulting current drawn is significant. Although other mechanisms, such as the deposition of 23-4PDF Image | Development of the Zinc-Chlorine Battery for Utility
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