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Electrolyte temperatures ranging from 10 to 65°C can be controlled to within ±3°C by means of constant temperature glycol baths which accept or reject heat from the electrolyte through an in-line heat exchanger. The heat exchanger, consisting of a 20' length of 1/2" I.D. coiled titanium tubing, is installed in the main electro lyte circulating loop. In addition to the basic components required for operation, the test stand incorporates the following features for diagnostic purposes. » • Individual cell voltage probes for monitoring the ten unit-cell vol tages on charge and discharge. The probes are titanium strips, formed into flat springs, which make electrical contact to the individual bipolar buses when inserted between the chlorine-elec trode end mask and the zinc bus. Kynar-insulated titanium lead- wires , spot-welded to the spring contactors and sealed via compression-type feed-throughs, allow external monitoring of the cell voltages on strip chart recorders or a DVM. Coulombic efficiency monitoring via a digital coulometer. The con trolled constant current supplied to the submodule on charge and discharge via an EDA Mark IV controller is monitored through a 100 ampere, 50mV shunt. The corresponding mV drop across the shunt is accumulated with time on charge and discharge to monitor full-power and usable coulombic efficiencies for the submodule. The full-power coulombic efficiency is defined as the amp-minutes (capacity) deli vered on discharge at constant current to 1.6 volts/cell t the total charge capacity. The remainder of the usable capacity is removed at a constant voltage of 1.6 volts/cell until the current density drops to 5mA/cm^. The capacity delivered at this point of discharge i the total charge capacity is defined as the usable coulombic effi ciency. Energy efficiency monitoring via a digital watt-hour meter. The submodule end-bus probe voltages and corresponding amp-minutes on charge and discharge are accumulated by the watt-hour meter to pro vide a measure of the full-power and usable energy efficiency of the submodule. • Additional data; viz., stack pressure, chlorine concentration in the electrolyte, electrolyte specific gravity, electrolyte pH, etc.; are also recorded for diagnostic purposes. System Operation Preparation for charging the submodule consists of adjusting the temperature of the electrolyte to the desired level and pre-chlorinating the electrolyte using cylinder chlorine. All meters are zeroed and the proper electrolyte flow rate is set. The constant current charge is initiated once these conditions are stabilized and the 24-7PDF Image | Development of the Zinc-Chlorine Battery for Utility
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