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A standard load-leveling cycle regime was run for all tests in this Phase I program. A typical voltage profile for the 7-hour charge and the 5-hour discharge is shown in Figure 24-7. 30 24 18 6 CHARGE DISCHARGE (0 I— Figure 24-7. Typical voltage-time profile under standard load-leveling cycle regime. Coulombic and Energy Efficiencies The performance efficiencies at "full power" and "usable" for all test cycles are displayed in Table 24-1. Early in the program, high levels of hydrogen evolution were encountered. Considerable effort was directed at reducing this gas formation so that very limited useful information was obtained from tests of submodule #1. Submodule #2 yielded the highest efficiencies recorded during the entire Phase I testing program.Cycles 6-8 showed an average usable coulombic efficiency of 74.4% 2 (s = 1.2) with an average charge capacity at the targeted 200mAh/cm despite several variations in operating conditions and electrolyte composition. Usable energy effi ciencies close to 60% were recorded. While it is considered likely that some den- driting occurs near the end of charge on all cycles, only cycle 8 was terminated 2 short of the 200mAh/cm objective due to major dendrites. The various formulations used for testing submodule #2 contained little or no sup porting electrolytes. It is expected that further improvements in energy efficiency can be achieved when an optimum electrolyte is employed. For instance, an increase in voltaic efficiency from 80% to 90% during cycle #8 would raise the usable energy efficiency to 68%. 0 01234567 TIME — hours 24-10PDF Image | Development of the Zinc-Chlorine Battery for Utility
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