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varied operational parameters and of selected electrolyte formulations under care fully controlled conditions. In its ability to simulate conditions existing in the full-size 45kWh module, it provides an important link between "single" cells and the larger complete integrated battery. Test cycles on a selection of different submodules operated under a variety of con ditions has shown that there is a wide variation in the performance of these assem blies. It also has shown that there exists a large variation in the performance of individual unit cells within some submodules. This is detrimental to perform ance, but no satisfactory explanation is available at present to account for these variations. The second objective of this program — establishing conditions for a full 200mAh/cm capacity cycle at 65% or better round-trip usable energy efficiency — was not reached. The differences in unit cells of submodules tested and the restrictions on test condi tions created problems that could not be overcome in time. All cycle testing during this Phase I program was purposefully restricted to operating conditions that could be duplicated in the 45kWh battery module without system modifications. These limi tations were: • • • • Initial electrolyte concentration between 2.9- and 3.0-molar ZnCl2. Electrolyte volumes of approximately 36 liters. This generates a large swing in Zn++ concentration during a full-charge cycle. System pressure reduction limited to 5 psi maximum. 2 Current densities no higher than 40mA/cm . Operating within these limits it was not possible to reach a dendrite-free charge 2 capacity of 200mAh/cm with coulombic efficiencies over 65% no matter what other parameters were varied, and regardless of the electrolyte composition tried. Some work towards the third objective was successful, and some should be carried on into Phase II in order to arrive at satisfactory conclusions. From the measurements made on shunt and corrosion currents in the stack, round-trip coulombic efficiencies in the range of 79% to 87% may be predicted. However, the technique used to deter mine corrosion current establishes only the lower limit of the corrosion current. Therefore, such measurements may not accurately predict battery performance. 24-23PDF Image | Development of the Zinc-Chlorine Battery for Utility
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