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There are two types of failure, cycle failure and battery failure. A cycle failure is a control failure, consisting of controller problems or auxiliary hardware fail ure, including routine maintenance and breakdowns. The other type is battery fail ure. This includes inability of system to charge at 180 amps for 5 hours (charge capacity), or if the system was unable to discharge in the normal manner, i.e. rate of discharge, length of discharge, and discharge profile in agreement with other cycles. Or, if there was a large efficiency loss (that could not be accounted for by cycle failure) over an extended period of time. The test conditions for this cell are: • Charge current = 180 amps • Charge current density = 37mA/cm • Constant current discharge current = 160 amps • Constant current discharge current density = 33mA/cm • Temperature = 40°C Cycles 136-200 As this year began the interfacing of the hard-wired logic controller had been com pleted (approximately August 30, 1976, cycle #53), substantially debugged (November 1, 1978, cycle #85), and continous (24-hour) cycling was underway (since November 8, 1976, cycle #90). Thus the automated cycle was well established. The average energy efficiency of these cycles was 66.9%. The average energy efficiency of the previous 135 cycles was 68.3%. As can be seen, the energy efficiency for cycles 136-200 was somewhat lower due to the use of different measuring shunts and instruments on the controller and also the elimination of human error. The apparent slight perfor mance (energy efficiency) deterioration is not real (Figure 26-5). There were 24 failures during this 65 cycles (Table 26-1). Of these, six were main tenance related (normal mechanical problems); four were due to iron contamination in the electrolyte; nine were controller related (the problem was found and corrected); five were due to discharge U.V., the actual cause was not known. Sixty-seven cycling days were lost (Figure 26-6). This 65 cycles took almost 4 months to complete. There were three electrolyte changes: one after five cycles (136-140) to try a new electrolyte composition, one after 44 cycles (141-184), and another after two cycles (185-186). These changes were due to iron contamination in electrolyte. 26-7 2 2PDF Image | Development of the Zinc-Chlorine Battery for Utility
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