Development of the Zinc-Chlorine Battery for Utility

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Development of the Zinc-Chlorine Battery for Utility ( development-zinc-chlorine-battery-utility )

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Component PUMPS: Gas recirculation Main electrolyte STORE: Agitator Coolant loop Decomposition loop Miscellaneous DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM: Logic controller Teletype MISCELLANEOUS: 201-300 301-323 224,293 304 224 224 304 253 304 240 304 217,293 304,318 320 222 291,292 293(5)* 293 293 317 293(2) INDETERMINATE REASONS: Charge 30 Discharge 31 32 308 293(3) 308,316 298 46 22 Failure Reference Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Cycle Number Preceding Failure Cycle Interval Total Failures of Each Type 3 1 2 2 2 6 1 8 2 2 3 5 1 1 1 4 2 8 7 5 1 2 1 1 2 1 3 1 2 1 10 1 92 ♦Number in parenthesis indicates number of times this failure occurred. Cycles 201-300 Table 26-1 FAILURE TABLE FOR 1.4kWh BATTERY Type of Failure 136-200 Seal leakage Worn gears Worn shaft Liquid seal leakage Worn bearings Seal leakage 181 Worn shaft Impeller decoupled from motor 153 Loss of motor efficiency 167 Worn shaft Worn bearings 177 Cooling inefficiently 189,198 Loss of motor efficiency Motor control not working Inlet tube to store blocked Fluid exchanged between store and battery System failure (replaced store) Skipped cleanout phase Elapsed time from detecting failure to 138,141 system shutdown too short 143,156 166,177 181 Miscellaneous 183,184 Controller did not adjust pH Inoperative No auxiliary CI2 Power outage in building Inoperative solenoids Sump temperature elevated Contamination of electrolyte 184,186 Valve on auxiliary CI2 tank set improperly (low flow rate) System did not cleanout totally 186(2) Low voltage Low voltage 181,183(3) 186 Low energy efficiency TOTAL FAILURES IN EACH INTERVAL 24 The average energy efficiency of these cycles was 65.3%. By visual inspection of Figure 26-5, we see that the energy efficiencies have become more scattered. This is due to changes in usable coulombic efficiencies as the voltaic has remained fairly consistent through all previous cycling (86-87%). 26-9 214,274 284 293 304 222 222 (2) 316 293 293 317 287,291 303,304(2) 293(2) 305 285,290 316 293 222,293 283 293 206 236 304,318 304

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