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There were six electrolyte changes. One after eleven cycles (294-304) due to elec trolyte contamination, one after no cycles due to seal failure on the main electro lyte pump, one after 12 cycles (305-316) due to fluid exchange between store and battery, one after one cycle (317) due to low electrolyte level, one after one cycle (318) due to seal failure on main electrolyte pump, one after two cycles (319-320) due to seal failure on main electrolyte pump. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The 1.4kWh battery with the hard-wired logic controller represents the earliest attempt (1976) to fully automate a zinc-chlorine battery system. Over 300 complete cycles have been accumulated with no loss of capacity and with very consistent vol taic, coulombic and energy efficiencies maintained throughout this period of two years. While the electrochemical performance of the battery has been outstanding, long-term continuous cycling has not been demonstrated. Unattended operation was normal and routine but interrupted cycles due to mechanical and control malfunctions were frequent. Many cycles and many days were lost with repair and upkeep on the unrefined machinery and the unsophisticated control equipment. Currently this system is running under manual control at designed full charge capa city of 180 amps for 5 hours and discharging normally. It continues to demonstrate average round-trip energy efficiencies in excess of 67%. In fact, the last 23 cy cles were at an average 71% energy efficiency with no conclusive explanation for the sudden increase. Because of continuous troubles with faulty components, the logic controller was abandoned in December, 1977. Normal cycling terminated at that time, with cycle number 323. It is recommended that this system be maintained in a standby condition as a demon stration of the ruthenized-titanium chlorine electrode technology. It can be used for limited testing by manual operation with cylinder chlorine at any time. The system could be returned to the continuous automatic cycling mode only be extensive redesign of the store and pumping elements and by interfacing with a microprocessor- based control system. Such a refurbishing would take several months to implement. REFERENCES 26-1 Development of High-Efficiency, Cost-Effective, Zinc-Chlorine Batteries for Utility Peak-Shaving — 1976. Palo Alto, Calif.: Electric Power Research Institute, 1978, EM-711, Part III, Section 2. 26-11PDF Image | Development of the Zinc-Chlorine Battery for Utility
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