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system performance. Specific formulations have been identified that have passed screening and electrochemical tests. These have been tentatively released for use in future construction. In Section 34, the work that achieved a successful method for in-situ activation of the porous-graphite chlorine electrode is described. This electrochemical pro cess results in voltaic performance at least equaling that obtained by the thermo chemical process employed in the past. Most importantly, the ability to achieve these results consistently in an assembled stack greatly simplifies production procedures and undoubtedly will show marked cost benefits. A repeatable and scal able technique has been demonstrated. Considerable amounts of porous graphite, approximately 50 tons, are required to produce the quantity of chlorine electrodes needed in a full-size (lOOMWh) peak shaving battery plant. Section 35 tells of the work being done to select and qual ify alternates to the Union Carbide PG-60 material used in prototype cells to date. This is important to ensure that cost-effective materials are available for future production and that there exists a competitive source of supply. Progress on qualifying other graphite materials is reported but this program has not yet been completed. Section 36 addresses the subject of inert gas rejection from the battery. Carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and oxygen are byproduct gases of chemical and electrochemical reactions taking place in the battery stack. Undesirable quantities of these will accumulate in the closed battery system unless a rejection device is provided. Four possible techniques for separating these gases from chlorine (which must not be rejected) and concentrating them for removal are analyzed in this report. A combination approach is recommended for the battery module and a development pro gram leading to some commercial device is suggested. In Section 37, experiments to verify the mechanisms that generate undesirable hy drogen in a zinc-chlorine cell are reported. The results of a metallic impurity testing program and tests to confirm suspected contamination from the chlorine elec trode are obtained using a zinc-transfer plating cell. This work, when completed, will provide the understanding necessary to upgrade battery performance and to set realistic impurity standards for electrolyte production. 29-2PDF Image | Development of the Zinc-Chlorine Battery for Utility
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