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INTRODUCTION Section 30 ELECTROLYTE CHARACTERIZATION STUDIES — ACIDITY AND PARTIAL MOLAL VOLUMES Zinc-chlorine battery efficiency is largely determined by the coulombic efficiency of the zinc electrode in a cell. Both battery energy efficiency and the longevity of the chlorine electrode, in turn, are directly dependent upon the pH of the elec trolyte. Increased acidity causes a small, but measurable decrease in the effi ciency of zinc deposition because of the codeposition of hydrogen. Conversely, the chlorine electrode becomes more stable as acidity increases. Selection of electro lyte pH therefore must be a compromise between electrode stability and efficiency. The present battery design indicates that about 2.5 moles per liter of zinc chlo ride will be removed from the electrolyte while the battery is charging. This zinc chloride concentration change will produce measurable changes in the pH of the electrolyte and will also cause the electrolyte volume to contract. The pH change will occur because the zinc ion, through hydrolytic reactions, behaves as a moderate ly strong acid and therefore makes appreciable contributions to the acidity of the electrolyte. Volume changes in the electrolyte during a battery cycle are associated with the removal or addition of zinc chloride from or to the electrolyte. Both the pH changes and volume change influence the design and operation of the battery. Measured pH is a function of the zinc chloride concentration, the free acidity, and the presence of potassium or sodium chloride. This section examines in detail the pH effects of hydrochloric acid, zinc-chloride, sodium chloride, and potassium chlo ride. From the results, no changes in pH of the electrolyte throughout a charge- discharge cycle may be predicted. 30-1PDF Image | Development of the Zinc-Chlorine Battery for Utility
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