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POLYVINYL CHLORIDE Two polyvinyl chloride (PVC) compounds which are stable in the chemical environment of the zinc-chlorine battery have been specified. Presently both are being electro chemically evaluated. Many different PVC formulations are possible by virtue of the various additives. Because of the large number of PVC samples evaluated, the screening test results are discussed below in general terms. Polyvinyl chlorides are thermoplastics derived from vinyl monomers (CH^-CHCl). These resins are produced by free radical-polymerization in bulk, suspension, emulsion, or solution systems. Two of these polymerization methods were evaluated in the PVC samples screened. It was determined that the stability of the resin was affected simultaneously by mode of polymerization and subsequent formulation. Different additives for a bulk-and suspension-prepared resin are required for sta bility in the sYstem- A CPVC resin was also considered, but processing difficulties and instability in zinc chloride made further development unnecessary. Polymerization temperature is the primary control used to vary resin molecular weight, which in turn affects processing. Polyvinyl chlorides require stabilizers (i.e. metal soaps of Pb, Cd, Ba, Ca, Zn, Sn) to prevent heat degradation during this processing. Lubricants are added to facilitate melt flow during processing by internal reduction of intermolecular forces between polymer chains, and/or external reduction or adhesion to metal surfaces of processing equipment. Process ing aides, fillers (i.e. TiOj' CaCo^, carbon), mold release agents, and plasticizers may also be added to polyvinyl chlorides. The initial screening tests of the two specified polyvinyl chlorides at both 25°C and 50°C showed no blistering whatsoever. Atomic absorption analysis indicated no contamination coming from the PVC compounds. Therefore, electrochemical evalu ation was made on both PVC compounds. Cells were assembled which contained speci fied surface areas of both PVC compounds as spacers and masks. During the test program routine measurements of gas evolution (CO^ and H^), electrolyte pH, and specific gravity, temperatures, and cell-operating voltaic and coulombic efficien cies are recorded. Near the end of this Phase I program the data from one of the two test cells appeared no different from data acquired with the baseline establish ed with an all-Kynar cell. Therefore, an entire cell was constructed of this spe cific PVC material and was placed in operation. A number of PVC components also were installed in development cells of other programs. To date, no problems have been encountered which can be attributed to these materials. However, at this 33-8PDF Image | Development of the Zinc-Chlorine Battery for Utility
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