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Three physical faults also may be observed in a polyester compound as a result of improper fabrication technique and poor quality raw materials: 1) 2) Jack strawing - the resin pulls away from the glass during the curing process, thus leaving exposed glass and voids for the migration of the zinc chloride solution into the test sample. This fault can be attributed to a) poor glass quality, b) inconsistency of silane sizing agents on the glass, or c) incompatibility of the resin with the glass. Initial air inclusions in the cured polyester - often used as a basis for accepting or rejecting a shipment. These air inclusions can encourage other forms of degradation. The presence of air inclusions could occur due to poor quality glass or improper fabrication techniques, i.e. room temperature too cool. This pfoBTem can be remedied by the addition of 2-3% styrene to the resin and/or slight warming of the resin. 3) Air inhibition - appears as a whitish surface haze. If an already cured polyester laminate is recoated with resin on the inner mold surface following initial lay-up of the form, this defect may be observed. Adding a 1% additive to the resin of 5% paraffins in styrene followed by post curing can prevent this. Fabrication techniques for the battery components have been considered in the evaluation of polyesters. Polyesters can be injection-molded provided changes are made in the glass reinforcement. Vacuum-molding techniques are possible using the same composition as the EDA test material. A bulk molding compound would be developed for compression-molded parts. Chopped glass fibers and speci fic fillers would be used. Hand lay-up techniques also could use the same poly ester formulation being tested at EDA. This technique was recommended for fabri cation of the manifold pipe so that a veil could be used to line the interior wall. Larger diameter pipe could be filament-wound using the same formulas. Pull- tursion is another available fabrication method. It would not be possible to use a veil with this method, however. Polyesters can be machined using carbide cutting tools and saw blades. Large ma chined areas to be exposed to the zinc chloride soltuions should be masked with a resin layer and cured prior to service use. This technique would minimize contam ination from any exposed glass. Polyester bonding techniques also have been stud ied. As a general rule such bonds are not reliable and should be engineered out of the construction. 33-10PDF Image | Development of the Zinc-Chlorine Battery for Utility
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