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and tetrafluoroethylene (TFE). There also has been some interest in the perfluoroelastomers (Kalrez ) which are» in essence, low temperature Vitons. Kalrez compounds are terpolymers of tetra- fluorinated ethylenes, perfluoromethyl vinyl ether (PVME), and PVME groupings. However, these are very expensive materials at present and this factor has in fluenced further development of the Vitons over perfluoroelastomers. Initial evaluations of Viton O-rings in service in the zinc-chlorine battery have shown a loss in elasticity and stress cracks in the elastomer. Also of concern is the fact that most .Vitons are amine and/or metal oxide cured, indicating the possible leaching of metals. Nine various Viton and Kalrez formulations were evaluated in the screening tests. Table 33-1 summarizes this test data arranged in ascending order of reactivity. OTHER MATERIALS Numerous other materials have been screened besides those mentioned above. These materials include three epoxy compounds. A graphite fiber-filled epoxy compound was investigated for reinforced-case material applications and the epoxy severely degraded. However, the graphite fiber cloth appeared stable. Physical degradation also occurred in two epoxy pH electrode assemblies. Thermoplastic polyamide resin, (Nylon) and polyurethane were evaluated and both were found to be completely un stable in the zinc-chlorine environment. Further studies of polyimides were not pursued during this past year due to their high costs. Although polysulfones previously had been studied and found unstable, a modified polyethersulfone was tested and it reacted with chlorinated zinc chloride in much the same manner as other polyethersulfone, but with more heavy metal contamination. The low cost and moldability of polypropylenes encouraged further investigation of this generic group. High-density and glass-filled compounds were evaluated for casing and frame applications, as well as a TFE film on non-woven polypropylene laminate, for possible use as a filter cloth. All of these formulations reacted in the chlorinated zinc chloride environment. The possibility was considered that impregnating a stable compound into a polypropylene formulation would lend sta bility to this group. However, a TFE-impregnated polypropylene also showed crazing 33-12PDF Image | Development of the Zinc-Chlorine Battery for Utility
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