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2.40 Figure 34-9. Performance of the 0.83kWh test unit before (A) and after (B) electrolytic activation. The Processed Electrode: Surface Activity Compared with Inner Matrix Performance 2 When operated at higher current densities (>lA/cm ) electrodes activated by the thermal nitric-acid process degenerated and lost some portion of their acquired voltaic enhancement. It must be emphasized that this occurs only after operation at unrealistically high currents which are definitely atypical of zinc-chlorine battery operation. Indeed, battery units and the small cells life-tested to date have never exhibited any real losses in voltaic performance while operated at 2 25-50mA/cm . The above phenomenon led to the hypothesis that the factor which accounts for en hanced voltaic performance could be located on or near the electrode face, and that it had not been generated to the same degree in the bulk matrix. The following experiments were employed in evaluating this concept. After activating electrolytically and evaluating performance, the electrodes were rinsed, dried, and removed from the cell. The top layers (O.OOSin) were then care fully removed by end-milling, and the cell was assembled and re-evaluated. The results of these experiments are detailed in Figure 34-10. 0 10 20 30 40 50 80 CURRENT DENSITY—mA/cm2 34-12PDF Image | Development of the Zinc-Chlorine Battery for Utility
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