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INTRODUCTION The zinc-chlorine battery concept is based upon the electrochemical reaction between, zinc, chlorine and ZnCl^ aqueous solution, and the simultaneous chemical reaction between chlorine and water [l] . The overall reactions are: ZnCl2(aq) ^ Zn(s) + Cl2(g) Cl2(g) + XH20^ C12-XH20 X = 5.9 • The reactions are highly reversible. The emf of a Zn-Cl2 cell under standard conditions is 2.12 V. During the charging process.,- the ZnCl^.electro lyte is electrolyzed, yielding a zinc deposit on an inert graphite substrate and Cl2 evolution on a porous flow through graphite anode. The Cl2 gas is removed from the cell to another chamber where it is mixed with water at approximately 10°C and chlorine hydrate is formed. During the discharging process, chlorine is evolved by heating the chlorine hydrate, mixed with the ZnCl2 electrolyte, and passing it through the porous graphite electrode. Chlorine is consumed electrochemically while zinc dissolves at the other electrode. Coulombic inefficiencies are due mainly to the chemical recombination of zinc with dissolved chlorine. It has been shown by Kim and Jorne [2] that this process is limited by the mass transfer of dissolved chlorine to the zinc electrode. The kinetics and mass transfer of the chlorine electrode on a rotating graphite electrode has been investigated by Kim and Jorne [3] and the kinetic parameters and a kinetic mechanism have been proposed. In the present communication the voltaic behavior of a single cell is investigated and the individual over-voltages are measured using zinc or calomel reference electrodes. The reference electrode was located in a separate compart ment and connected by a tube to the interelectrode space. It is shown that the overpotential on the Cl2 flow-through graphite electrode is about 200 mV. The ohmic drop can be improved by adding KC1 and NaCl as supporting electrodes. Polarization data of the zinc electrode and Cl2 electrode were obtained using rotating zinc hemisphere and rotating graphite disk electrode, respectively. A-2PDF Image | Development of the Zinc-Chlorine Battery for Utility
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