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Figure 1. Refrigeration System for Chlorine Storage REFRIGERANT RESERVOIR <§ Water leaving Condenser O (35*C or 95-F) COMPRESSOR PUMP Water from Cooling Tower (29.4*0 or 85’F) To CI2 Storage (2.2’C or 36'F) A 2 kWh zinc-chloride battery has been constructed and evaluated for 100 cycles to determine the technical feasibility of this battery system for utility application. The battery was tested under operating conditions appropriate to the peaking application - approximately a 4-hour charge, 4-hour discharge cycle. The battery system uses zinc and chlorine as the active electrode materials, employs an aqueous circulating electrolyte, and is operated at a temperature closely controlled and maintained by a centrifugal refrigeration system. The chlorine is stored external to the battery as chlorine hydrate, a slush-like material. The 1 kWh test battery, using graphite plates for the zinc electrode and porous, ruthenized (sprayed with ruthenium) titanium for the chlorine electrode, demonstrated an average energy efficiency of 74.6% at a current density of 33 mA/cm . The system was operated at 27°C, a chlorine pressure of less than one psig. The results of this study demonstrate the technical feasibility of the zinc chloride battery for utility application. The high electrochemical energy efficiency is consistent with the goals for this application. B-2 VAPORATOR PUMP From Clj Storage ( 7.2'C or 45*F)PDF Image | Development of the Zinc-Chlorine Battery for Utility
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