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1. Introduction Thermodynamic cyclic processes of any kind require heat rejection into the surroundings which in most instances is represented by river water, lakes, or ponds of cooling towers or by the air of our atmo sphere. The temperature of the surroundings represents the state of the heat sink. The lowest temperature of the cyclic process, however, is somewhat higher than that of the heat sink due to the temperature difference required for the transfer of the heat to be rejected. Augmenting heat transfer to make this necessary temperature differ ence smaller could increase the overall efficiency of a power plant by \% for every degree the condensing temperature is lowered. This obviously would represent a tremendous saving of energy when consid ering the enormous consumption of power plants. Refrigeration pro cesses operate between smaller temperature ranges than power plants and therefore lowering the condenser temperature yields an even more drastic improvement of the efficiency or of the coefficient of per formance. These processes consume by far less energy than the power plants but since these possible improvements are much higher the overall reduction of consumption again could be very substantial. Residential and small commercial refrigeration systems commonly reject heat directly to the atmosphere by means of air cooled con densers. Larger industrial equipment rejects heat indirectly by using cooling towers and water cooled condensers. These units require higher maintenance than the air cooled systems because of possiblebuild-upofscaleatthewater-sideofthecondenser. The continual maintenance problem and dependent upon water conditions canbecriticalinmanyareas. Coolingtowersinadditionareex pensive to build and costly to operate especially when the water use isrestricted. Itappearstobemorebeneficialtoaugmentheat transfer at the air side of a condenser by so-called evaporative cooling,i.e.byaddingwatertotheair. Substantialimprovements can be achieved when the heat exchanger surfaces are continuously wetted by recirculated (possibly) untreated water of which only a smallquantitywhichevaporatesneedstobereplenished. Thispro cess has been dealt with in thermodynamic textbooks or in literature C-6PDF Image | Development of the Zinc-Chlorine Battery for Utility
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