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What happens at the electrodes during electrolysis of a solution: At the cathode There is competition between the two positively charged ions. RULE: The ion of the more reactive element stays in the solution. The ion of the less reactive element is given electrons and reduced to atoms of that element. e.g. • In a sodium chloride solution, Na is more reactive than H. • The Na+ cations stay in the solution • The H+ cations each gain an electron to become H atoms 2H+(aq) +2e-H2(g) In dilute solutions, oxygen is formed from the hydroxide ions. In more concentrated •TheHatomsbondinpairstoformmoleculesofH2(g) At the anode solutions of halides, the halogen can be produced in preference to oxygen: RULE: If Cl-, Br- or I- anions are present in sufficient concentration, they give up an electron and become Cl2, Br2 or I2. e.g. 2 Cl-(aq) Cl2(g) + 2e- Otherwise, the OH- anions from water give up an electron, and oxygen gas is formed at the anode: 4 OH-(aq) – 4e- O2(g) + 2 H2O(l)PDF Image | Electrolysis is using an electric current
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