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Case Study – Electrolysis of Brine Brine is a concentrated solution of sodium chloride in water, so it contains Na+, Cl-, H+ and OH- ions. At the cathode: H+ is reduced to hydrogen gas 2H+ + 2e- H2 Cl- is oxidised to chlorine gas 2Cl- - 2e- Cl2 At the anode: Overall: 2NaCl(aq) + 2H2O(l) H2(g) + Cl2(g) + 2NaOH(aq) The Na+ and OH- ions stay in the solution, so the brine solution gradually turns into a sodium hydroxide solution. All three products are very important in industry. Uses of products from electrolysis of brine CHLORINE is used: • for making bleach and hydrochloric acid • for sterilising (killing bacteria) in drinking water • for killing micro-organisms in swimming pool water Environmental: HYDROGEN is used: • in the Haber process for making ammonia • for hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make spreads etc. • as a fuel Lots of electrical energy is needed to do electrolysis. This has to be produced by burning fossil fuels, so CO2 is released into the environment (global warming) and finite reserves of crude oil are used up. SODIUM HYDROXIDE is used: • in soap and paper manufacturing • for making bleachPDF Image | Electrolysis is using an electric current
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