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ELECTROLYSIS OF SALT WATER Unit: Salinity Patterns & the Water Cycle l Grade Level: High school l Time Required: Two 45 min. periods l Content Standard: NSES Physical Science, properties and changes of properties in matter; atoms have measurable properties such as electrical charge. l Ocean Literacy Principle 1e: Most of of Earth's water (97%) is in the ocean. Seawater has unique properties: it is saline, its freezing point is slightly lower than fresh water, its density is slightly higher, its electrical conductivity is much higher, and it is slightly basic. Big Idea: Water is comprised of two elements – hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O). Distilled water is pure and free of salts; thus it is a very poor conductor of electricity. By adding ordinary table salt (NaCl) to distilled water, it becomes an electrolyte solution, able to conduct electricity. Key Concepts o Ioniccompoundssuchassaltwater,conductelectricitywhentheydissolveinwater. o Ioniccompoundsconsistoftwoormoreionsthatareheldtogetherbyelectricalattraction.Oneof the ions has a positive charge (called a "cation") and the other has a negative charge ("anion"). o Molecularcompounds,suchaswater,aremadeofindividualmoleculesthatareboundtogetherby shared electrons (i.e., covalent bonds). o Essential Questions o Whathappenstosaltwhenitisdissolvedinwater? o Whatareelectrolytes? o Howcanwedeterminethevolumeofdissolvedionsinawatersample? o Howareatomsheldtogetherinanelement? Knowledge and Skills o Conductanexperimenttoseethatwatercanbesplitintoitsconstituentionsthroughtheprocessof electrolysis. o Prepareandexperimentwitha10%saltsolutiontobetterunderstandtheprocessofionexchange. o Discussandresearchthe"softness"and"hardness"ofwater. o Usetheperiodictabletoidentifyelementsandlearntheircharacteristics. Prior Knowledge o Definethedifferencebetweenionicandmolecularcompounds. o Saltconsistsofsodium(Na)andchloride(Cl). o WaterisatinyV-shapedmoleculewiththemolecularformulaH2O. o Abasicunderstandingofhowabatteryworks. o Atomsaremadeofapositivenucleussurroundedbynegativeelectrons. o Anatom’selectronconfiguration,particularlytheoutermostelectrons,determineshowtheatomcan interact with other atoms. o Allmatterismadeupofatoms. o Atomsofanyelementarealike,butdifferentfromatomsofotherelements. Common Preconceptions o Studentsmaythink-“Waterisagoodconductorofelectricity.”Waterisaverypoor“conductor”PDF Image | ELECTROLYSIS OF SALT WATER
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