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.. Research Engineer, Member AIAA Manager Manager, Member AIAA "'" Program Electrolysis Propulsion for Spacecraft Applications Wim A. de Groot* and Lynn A. Arrington** NYMA Inc, NASA LeRC Group Brook Park, Ohio James F. McElroy*** Hamilton Standard Windsor Locks, Connecticut Fred Mitlitsky t , Andrew H. Weisberg tt , Preston H. Carter II¢ , and Blake Myers _s include: lightweight tankage, water Abstract Introduction Electrolysis propulsion has been recognized over the last several decades as a viable option to meet many satellite and spacecraft propulsion requirements. This technology, however, was never used for in-space missions. In the same time frame, water based fuel cells have flown in a number of missions. These systems have many Innovative new systems are being sought to improve mission performance and reduce cost. Electrolysis propulsion, either alone or combined with fuel cell power offers the potential to provide a synergistic power and propulsion system for small spacecraft. On-board propulsion systems must satisfy a variety of propulsion functions, including orbit components systems. similar Recent to electrolysis propulsion advances in component technology vapor feed electrolysis, fuel cell technology, and thrust chamber materials for propulsion. Taken together, these developments make propulsion and/or power using electrolysis/fuel cell technology very attractive as separate or integrated systems. A water electrolysis propulsion testbed was constructed and tested in a joint NASA/Hamilton Standard/Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories program to demonstrate these technology developments for propulsion. The results from these testbed experiments using a I-N thruster are presented. A concept to integrate a propulsion system and a fuel cell system into a unitized spacecraft propulsion and power system is outlined. insertion, attitude repositioning, and planetary spacecraft. control, primary There station keeping, propulsion for already exists a Sr. Research Engineer, Senior Member AIAA t Program tt Space Group Scientist, Member AIAA _: Aerospace Engineer, Member AIAA _ Mechanical Engineer, Associate Fellow AIAA NASA TM-113157 1 Lawrence Livermore National Livermore, California Brian D. Reed s NASA Lewis Research Laboratory Center Cleveland, Ohio number of low thrust propulsion options to carry out these maneuvers. Cold gas propulsion is commonly used when propulsion requirements are small and where cost and system simplicity are decisive factors. Monopropellant hydrazine (N2I-I4) systems are generally used for orbit insertion of smaller satellites because of its higher specific impulse (Isp) compared to cold gas systems. However, monopropellant systems are more costly and complex than cold gas. Storable bipropellants, tetroxide (NTO) monomethyihydrazine utilizing nitrogen as oxidizer and either (MMH) or N21-I4as fuel,PDF Image | Electrolysis Spacecraft Propulsion Applications
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