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3/2 cups water + 4 teaspoons Epsom Salt 4. Test apparatus using Epsom Salt electrolyte solution. a) Pour out the bottled water currently in your cup. Pour in enough electrolyte solution to cover the pencil leads. b) Hook up your battery to the pencil leads as before. Q2. What do you see now happening at the pencil tips? There should be noticeable bubbling at both pencil tips Q3. Epsom Salt in solution breaks up into Mg2+ and SO42- ions. Why did dissolving this salt in the water make a difference? Ions in the water are necessary to make it a good conductor. The ions move around and so can carry charge across the solution from one electrode to the other. This completes the circuit and allows current to flow. c) Label your two test-tubes as (+) and (–). d) Take a test-tube and fill it with more of your Epsom Salt solution. Place a finger (or cap) over the end of the tube, and flip it upside down into the cup. The test tube should remain mostly filled with solution (a little air at the top is not a problem). e) Slip the test tube over one of the pencil leads inside the cup. Make sure the (+) and (–) labels match up. You can set one edge in the modeling clay to prevent it from slipping, but be careful you do not make a seal that prevents water from flowing from the test-tube to the rest of the cup. Repeat with the 2nd test-tube. Q4. Why is it important not to press the test-tube into the modeling clay, sealing off the bottom? Current would not be able to flow out of the test-tube, so the circuit would not be complete. f) Use a thin marker to carefully mark off the current level of water inside each test-tube. Be as precise as possible, as you will be measuring very small changes! g) Hook up the battery directly to the pencil leads. Make sure to match up the (+) and (–) sides. h) Set a timer for 15 minutes. When the timer goes off, unhook the battery. In the meantime, do the calculations in step 5. 5. You have just set up an electrolytic cell. The graphite cores of the pencils serve as electrodes. They conduct electric current from the battery into the solution. a) The negative terminal of the battery is connected to the cathode. Electrons are pumped into this electrode. Once they reach the solution, they participate in a reduction reaction – a chemical reaction where some chemical species gains electrons. In the Epsom Salt solution, there are two species that could be grabbing the electrons: the Mg2+ ions or the water molecules themselves. Created by LABScI at Stanford 4PDF Image | Electrolysis splitting water
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