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High-energy Hydrogen I Electrolysis of Water Student Objective The student: • will be able to explain how hydrogen can be extracted from water • will be able to explain how energy flows through the electrolysis system Materials: • photovoltaic cell (3V min) or 9-volt battery (1 per group) • piece of aluminum foil, approx. 6 cm x 10 cm (2 per group) • salt • electrical wires with alligator clips (2 per group) • beaker or small bowl (1 per group) • water • stirring rod or spoon • graduated cylinder (several per class) • Science Journal Background Information Teacher Page When you add salt to the water, the salt ions (which are highly polar) help pull the water molecules apart into ions. Each part of the water molecule (H2O) has a charge. The OH- ion is negative, and the H+ ion is positive. This solution in water forms an electrolyte, allowing current to flow when a voltage is applied. The H+ ions, called cations, move toward the cathode (negative electrode), and the OH- ions, called anions, move toward the anode (positive electrode). Bubbles of oxygen gas (O2) form at the anode, and bubbles of hydrogen gas (H2) form at the cathode. The bubbles are easily seen. Twice as much hydrogen gas is produced as oxygen gas. The net reaction: 2H2O 6 2H2 + O2 Procedure (prior to class) 1. Make up one set of experimental apparatus that the students may use as a model during their experiments. Key Words: compound electrolysis hydrogen molecule oxygen Time: 1 hour Florida Solar Energy Center Electrolysis of Water / Page 1PDF Image | Electrolysis of Water US DOE
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