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Enhanced chlorine evolution from dimensionally stable anode by heterojunction with Ti and Bi based mixed metal oxide layers prepared from nanoparticle slurry x whose further transition to >MOx+1 was proven to be retarded by the heterojunction layer. Our heterojunction anodes with simplified preparation procedure would allow an energy-efficient electrochemical oxidation processes for water disinfection and high salinity wastewater treatment through the enhanced chlorine evolution. Improvements in the industrial chlorine generation (chlor-alkali process) are also expected with reduced power input and operational cost. Further study should tackle the effects of outer layer TiO2 loading (thickness) on film resistance and CERCS, as well as stability of the Bi-doped TiO2 layers in more systematic manners based on periodic CERCS measurements during accelerated life test. Acknowledgment The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF RTTC Grant OPP1149755). This work was also supported by the Basic Research Laboratory (NRF-2018R1A4A1022194), Young Researcher Program (NRF-2019R1C1C1003435), and Nano Material Technology Development Program (NRF-2016M3A7B4908161) through the National Research Foundation of Korea. Footnotes Appendix ASupplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2020.04.009. Appendix A. Supplementary material The following are the Supplementary data to this article: Supplementary data 1: References 1. Hu W., Wang Y., Hu X., Zhou Y., Chen S. Three-dimensional ordered macroporous IrO2 as electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction in acidic medium. J. Mater. Chem. 2012;22 2. Mamaca N., Mayousse E., Arrii-Clacens S., Napporn T.W., Servat K., Guillet N., Kokoh K.B. Electrochemical activity of ruthenium and iridium based catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction. Appl. Catal. B. 2012;111–112:376–380. 3. Menzel N., Ortel E., Mette K., Kraehnert R., Strasser P. Dimensionally Stable Ru/Ir/TiO2-Anodes with Tailored Mesoporosity for Efficient Electrochemical Chlorine Evolution. ACS Catal. 2013;3:1324–1333. 4. Comninellis C., Vercesi G.P. Characterization of DSA®-Type Oxygen Evolving Electrodes: Choice of a Coating. 1991;21:335–345. 5. Chung C.M., Lee W., Hong S.W., Cho K. Effects of anode materials and chloride ions on current efficiency of electrochemical oxidation of carbohydrate compounds. J Electrochem Soc. 2019;166:H628– H634. 6. Hansen H.A., Man I.C., Studt F., Abild-Pedersen F., Bligaard T., Rossmeisl J. Electrochemical chlorine evolution at rutile oxide (110) surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2010;12:283–290. [PubMed: 20024470] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7539370/?report=printable[10/12/2020 8:49:16 AM]PDF Image | Enhanced chlorine evolution
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