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in the global hydrogen economy. As mentioned above, one of the key targets is “H2 under 2”, which targets a production cost of AUD 2/kg (USD 1.4/ kg) for hydrogen to be competitive across various applications. By 2019, when the national strategy was launched, the government had committed over AUD500 million (USD355 million) towards hydrogen projects. Additionally, the government has announced an investment package of AUD1.9 billion (USD1.35 billion) to support new energy technologies, including hydrogen, with AUD 70.2 million (USD 49.8 million) dedicated specifically to hydrogen export hubs (Australian Government, 2020). Chile: This country has some of the best renewable resources in the world, both in solar (desert in the north) and wind (Patagonia in the south). Electricity costs from solar and wind are expected to fall, from USD 20-30/MWh today to USD 10-20/MWh by mid-century. The renewable potential is attractive, not only in terms of cost, but in quantity. Chile’s renewable potential is equivalent to 70 times today’s electricity generation capacity. Based on this, Chile’s strategy is focused exclusively on green hydrogen and directed towards exports. Hydrogen deployment in the country is expected in three waves: first, domestic use, replacing fossilbased hydrogen in industry and heavy, longdistance transport; second, ammonia exports, blending into the grid and a larger share of road transport; and third, scale-up of hydrogen exports and production for shipping and aviation. The targets include 5GW of electrolysis capacity (operating and under development) by 2025 with a production of at least 0.2 MtH2/year. The targets for 2030 are 25GW of electrolysis, with a hydrogen production cost less than USD 1.5/kg – the cheapest in the world – and exporting the equivalent of USD2.5 billion per year of hydrogen and derivatives. To achieve these targets, 15 actions have been identified across four main themes: promotion of domestic and export markets (including international collaboration, knowledge exchange and guarantees of origin); standards, safety and piloting (including market design to allow the participation of electrolysers in the various markets); social and local development SCALING UP ELECTROLYSERS TO MEET THE 1.5°C CLIMATE GOAL (social acceptance and infrastructure); capacity building and innovation. European Union: On July 8, 2020, the European Commission published its hydrogen strategy for a climate neutral Europe. This aims to boost the clean production of hydrogen to be used as a feedstock, fuel, energy carrier, and ultimate storage alternative for European renewables. The drivers for hydrogen are carbon neutrality, job creation, economic growth and technology leadership (especially for electrolysers). the strategy has explicit electrolyser capacity targets of 6 GW by 2024 and 40 GW by 2030, as well as production targets of 1 million and 10 million tonnes of renewable hydrogen per yearforthosetwomilestoneyears.Reachingthese production targets would require a larger capacity than the 6 GW and 40 GW specified, which implies additional import from neighbouring countries. Investments in renewable hydrogen are estimated to be in the order EUR 220-340 billion (USD 280- 430 billion) for the electricity production and EUR 24-42 billion (USD 30.5-53 billion) for the electrolysers by 2030. Hydrogen is seen by the European Commission as a key vector across energy sectors and this strategy was released together with a strategy called “Energy System Integration”, highlighting this function. The Clean Hydrogen Alliance (CHA), a platform that brings together multiple stakeholders from industry, government, civil society and academia, was also launched the same day. Besides bringing actors together, the CHA is also meant to provide a robust pipeline of projects that will support the scale-up process. The commission ́s economic recovery plan, “Next Generation EU”, highlights hydrogen as an investment priority to boost economic growth and resilience, creating local jobs and consolidating the EU ́s global leadership. The total fund is EUR 750 billion (about USD 950 million) and while only a small share of this is expected to be used for hydrogen, it could represent a large step towards the 2024 goal of 6 GW. Germany: The federal government of Germany released its hydrogen national strategy in June 2020. Among the drivers for hydrogen it contains 23PDF Image | GREEN HYDROGEN SCALING UP ELECTROLYSERS
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