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Energies 2022, 15, 7397 13 of 20 autocatalytic reduction of halogen oxoacid is performed in the absence of precious metal catalysts at the cathode due to rapid heterogeneous and homogeneous target reactions in acidic media. As a result, it allows the use of cathodes from carbon materials without precious metals making the system cheaper. Nevertheless, to successfully propagate further with hydrogen-bromate concepts one should pay close attention to the durability of such a system since up to now there is no convincing experimental evidence that these systems are able to be effectively recharged maintaining high energy efficiency calculated for the full charge/discharge cycle. Zinc hybrid flow batteries have proven to be another promising solution for stationary energy storage. One should admit that remarkable achievements have been shown for ZFBs through wide research on advanced materials for such systems, nevertheless, there are plenty of challenges that still need to be thoroughly investigated to realize the commer- cialization and industrialization of these devices. The power density, the cycle life and even the energy density need to be further improved. To promote the industrialization of ZFBs, advanced materials with a low cost remain in urgent need. 5. Conclusions A review of scientific literature data on the main modern chemical power sources technologies, as well as their comparative analysis, was carried out. It is shown that the active and dynamic development of the RFB devices is due to the increasing attractiveness of such systems as applied stationary solutions for the problem of energy accumulation and storage. Due to the high rates of development of the main energy storage technologies in the next five-ten years, we can expect a transition from a centralized to a decentralized Energies 2022, 15, x FOR PEER REVIEW 14 of 22 energy resources model based on the widespread number of technologies for chemical energy storage with the main representatives shown in Figure 5. Figure 5. The bias of the flow power sources for electrochemical energy storage applications: evo- Figure 5. The bias of the flow power sources for electrochemical energy storage applications: evolu- lution from common towards hybrid systems. tion from common towards hybrid systems. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, A.A., M.P. and S.T.; investigation, L.A., A.P., N.K., P.L. and A.M.; data curation, A.G. and I.S.; writing—original draft preparation, A.A., R.P. and A.M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant (project No 21-73- 30029). Tong contribution was supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of JinhuaPDF Image | Halogen Hybrid Flow Batteries
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