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The Zn-Ni RFB is an undivided, alkaline system using either NaOH or KOH solutions as the common electrolyte. In this battery, the negative electrode process in reaction (2) is accompanied by the positive electrode reaction: Ni(OH)2 +OH– –e– ⇄ NiO(OH)+H2O E0 =0.49Vvs.SHE giving an overall cell reaction Charge Zn(OH)42– + 2Ni(OH)2 ⇄ Zn + 2NiO(OH) + 2OH– + 2 H2O E0cell = 1.73 V Discharge (9) (10) The open-circuit cell potential of laboratory Zn-Ni RFBs is 1.6 V. In general, these batteries display a coulombic efficiency of 95%, a voltage efficiency of 88%, and an energy efficiency over 80% [27]. The Zn-Ni RFB has several advantages. For instance, the rapid kinetics of the redox couple provides a fast charge/discharge capability. The energy density of the system is large due to the relatively high standard cell potential of 1.73 V. A long cycle life is achievable by the stabilisation of the Zn electrode in the alkaline electrolyte. Additionally, the Zn-Ni system promises to be cost competitive as a result of using relatively cheap and abundant metals with the elimination of the requirement for separators, which can be expensive, limited lifetime and fragile, complicating cell design. 41PDF Image | hybrid redox flow batteries with zinc negative electrodes
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