hybrid redox flow batteries with zinc negative electrodes

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hybrid redox flow batteries with zinc negative electrodes ( hybrid-redox-flow-batteries-with-zinc-negative-electrodes )

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been proposed [30]. This system offers the possibility of operating without membrane or with inexpensive microporous separators. The effect of Zn/Fe ion ratio on the electrodeposition reactions at both electrodes was studied. Over 130 charge/discharge cycles, a unit cell presented coulombic and voltage efficiencies of 85% and 80%, respectively, and an energy efficiency of 68%. Divided Zn-polyiodide RFBs with graphite felt electrodes have been proposed based on the zinc negative electrode reaction and the triodide/iodide redox couple at the positive electrode during discharge [31]: I3– + 2e– ⇄ 3I– Eo =0.536Vvs.SHE (13) Voltammograms for these reactions in a near-neutral 5.0 mol dm–3 zinc iodide electrolyte are shown in Figure 16a). This chemistry could enable the implementation of low-cost microporous separators. Due to the association of iodine ions, the cell potential decreases from 1.26 V at 0.5 mol dm-3, to 0.96 V at 5 mol dm–3. NMR studies suggest that the addition of ethanol to the electrolyte should prevent thermal precipitation over a wide range of temperatures. The authors claim an energy density of 167 W h dm–3. Figure 16b) shows the efficiency of a single cell operating at a current density of 10 mA cm–2. A mitigation of dendritic grown by the addition of ethanol was observed. In view of the limited availability of free iodine ions in a concentrated electrolyte, another group [278] has proposed the addition of bromide ions in order to form a stable complex, which significantly increases the energy density of this RFB. 52

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