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2. Basis of Comparison There are several approaches for converting Mars atmospheric CO2 (and, if available, H2 and H2O) into useful products, including oxygen (O2) and methane (CH4). One method for converting CO2 to O2 is through solid oxide electrolysis (SOXE), a concept that dates back to the early 1980s (Richter, 1981; Frisbee et al., 1987; Crow, 1997). SOXE utilizes a ceramic oxide conductor to which an electric current is applied. At high temperatures (800-1000◦C) and at the surface of a catalyst, oxygen is removed from the CO2 and transferred through the ceramic oxide membrane to the other side, leaving behind carbon monoxide (CO) and unreacted CO2. Another process under consideration to make only oxygen is the Reverse Water Gas Shift process where CO2 is combined with hydrogen (H2) at elevated temperatures (>450◦C) and pressures to make CO and water (H2O). The water is then split into oxygen and hydrogen; the O2 is stored and the H2 is recycled. If methane fuel is also desired, the currently preferred approach is to utilize the Sabatier process, which combines CO2 and H2 to form CH4 and H2O. Since more H2 is needed to make methane than is recycled from the H2O produced, extra hydrogen or water from Earth or in-situ resources is required. The attractiveness of the SOXE process lies in the fact that it does not require other chemical feedstocks (such as H2) to support the conversion of CO2 to a useful product, and it is a solid state device that produces pure, dry oxygen. A demonstration of the SOXE technology is planned as part of the Mars 2020 rover, the Mars Oxygen ISRU Experiment (MOXIE; Sridhar et al., 1997; Hecht et al., 2015; Hartvigsen et al., 2015; Meyen et al., 2015; Rapp, 2016), which builds on earlier demonstrations such as the Mars Oxygen Cells (MOXCE) project (Crow, 1997). The goal of the flight experiment is to demonstrate a sub-scale O2 generation plant on Mars under actual Mars environmental and atmospheric conditions over an extended period of time.PDF Image | ISRU Challenge Production of O2 and Fuel from CO2
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