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4. Non-Aqueous PEC System 4.1 Introduction Due to the difficulty, complexity, and mission risk associated with extracting water from resources on Mars, achieving electrochemical splitting of Martian atmospheric CO2 through a non-aqueous process represents an interesting alternative ISRU strategy for generating O2 (for life support and propellant oxidizer) and low-grade fuel (CO) in situations when maintaining and recycling water is challenging. Systems based around this concept might necessarily be more flexible operationally than aqueous approaches, so they could be able to be deployed to multiple sites across the Martian landscape and/or carried on-board an EVA Rover supporting extended missions away from a central base. These systems can also be designed to be lightweight and self-sufficient, requiring no other inputs than sunlight and atmospheric CO2 to function. Eventually, such systems could be landed at various points across Mars and may act as "refueling stations" for Rovers or Hoppers, emergency life-support stations, and/or propellant sources for Mars Sample Return missions (with both O2 and CO being available). They are also potentially scalable in similar fashion to aqueous PEC designs, so that they can be installed directly at the landing site as an alternative source for the large volumes of O2 required for MAV propellant applications. However, the fundamental electrochemistry and materials set useful for these systems is at a much lower technology readiness level (TRL) than for aqueous approaches, so the focus of the majority of the discussion in this section aims to explore the various possibilities that have been identified from prior work in the literature, and to call out interesting targets for R&D opportunities to help accelerate the maturation of this concept toward a working demonstration useful for Mars ISRU missions in a relatively short timeframe ("Device-C").PDF Image | ISRU Challenge Production of O2 and Fuel from CO2
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