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4.1 Introduction 19 It is believed that the majority of the system-level considerations (e.g., power input, O2 generation requirements, sub-systems such as atmospheric processing, thermal management, gas storage, and concept of operations) are similar to those described in detail in the aqueous PEC section for Device-A and Device-B and/or at a much lower resolution for their requirements due to the fundamentally-lower TRL of the non-aqueous technology. Hence, this section of the report will not spend much time discussing system-level requirements but will instead focus on concepts and immediate needs. A general overview of a suitable non-aqueous electrochemical concept is shown below in Figure 4.1, with a detailed discussion in the following section: Figure 4.1: General concept for non-aqueous electrochemical CO2 splitting on Mars using CO32- as the carrier ion. The cathode reaction involves the dimerization and disproportionation of CO2 in the presence of a suitable catalyst to give CO and carbonate anion (CO32-); the CO is collected and stored, for potential use as fuel, while CO32- is transported across a membrane where it releases O2 upon oxidation at the anode, regenerating CO2, which is fed back into the system. Thus, this electrochemical cycle operates in the absence of water, utilizing CO32- as the carrier species. Several elements of this cycle (i.e., the CO2 reduction half-reaction) have been shown to work quite well on Earth under relatively benign conditions (i.e., 1 bar CO2 pressure, 25◦C) but have not been investigated under conditions more relevant to Mars (lower total and CO2 pressure and lower temperatures), so establishing the envelope of their useful operation in this context is an immediate R&D requirement. In other cases, no suitable material to enable a full cell demonstration is known, so exploratory materials R&D work is necessary.PDF Image | ISRU Challenge Production of O2 and Fuel from CO2
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