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6.2 Deployable Structures 39 3. Optical transparency: the top structural layer of the PEC array must be transparent, which limits materials choices. The design and engineering of the array itself is a challenge. We list three possible architectures for the array: Venetian blind structure. This structure was presented conceptually for PEC applications in the late 1970s (Gerischer, 1979), but was recently more completely engineered and demonstrated by the Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP) in a practical prototype for sunlight-to-chemical energy conversion at >10% efficiency. The advantage of this design is that the light absorption area is not shaded by the electrolyte and/or electrocatalysis area and the two regions can be independently sized to afford the optimum performance given the inputs. A major challenge with this design is that edges of functional materials must be bonded to one another and not form regions of weakness in the overall design, which they likely will. Monolithic structure. This structure includes slight modifications of the Venetian blind structure, most notably where the materials are fabricated from a single monolithic base support material (see Figure 6.4 below). The advantage of this design is that regions of high stress and/or large radii of curvature in the device structure consist of one continuous piece of material; moreover, this design obviates challenges with differences in materials properties, e.g., thermal expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity, modulus. In principle, such a system could be made flexible to allow inflation of the baffles for deployment. A major challenge with this design is that one base material must be lightweight and both ionically and electrically conductive depending on desired properties at each location. Rectenna receiver structure. This structure is a subset of the monolithic structure, but requires less complexity. Instead of incorporating integrated light absorbers and electrocatalysts, this design only requires a wireframe receiver dipole antenna (rectenna) with incorporated electrocatalysts, and thus also relaxes the optical transmission properties required of the plastic encapsulation. The functional materials must be connected to electronic circuits, either integrated or separately, to impart rectification in the AC microwave electric field such that there is a DC current output to drive the electrocatalytic reactions, but this is straightforward and is not expected to affect deployment. The microwave receiver likely cannot be placed under the electrolytic components because microwave power is attenuated by free charge carriers including ions in the electrolytes used in the electrochemical cells (Infelta et al., 1977).PDF Image | ISRU Challenge Production of O2 and Fuel from CO2
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