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48 Chapter 6. System-Level Considerations Reactor Type Catalyst Feed flow, Feed Pressure Temperature GHSV Hr-1 SLPM H2 :CO2 PSIA ◦ C ISSa Packed Bed Proprietary 3.2–9 3.5 <14.7 149–593 N/A 3 zones KSCb Packed Bed Ru/Al2O3 pellets 3.75 4–4.5 40 180–500 2,500 Ru or Rh coated PCIc Microlith® microlith 5.9–7.2 3.5–4.5 6–14.7 250–400 substrates 15,000– 20,000 Umpquad Microchannel Ru on Al2O3 0.001–0.005 4 N/A 234–365 2 3 zones PNNLe Microchannel Ru/TiO2 on 0.1–0.25 4 14.7 250–400 ceramic felt 7,200– 72,000 Table 6.4: Comparison of Sabatier reactor types and operational parameters aSamplatsky et al. (2011) bMuscatello et al. (2016) cJunaedi et al. (2014); Junaedi et al. (2011) dThompson (2015) eBrooks et al. (2007) atmospheric pressures, and is typically turned on/off during use due to commodity availability. ISRU applications typically run H2 rich at higher pressure with continuous operation. It is important to design for material compatibility with water. Stainless steel can corrode or pit over time, and care must be considered for long-term use since the reaction has a primary product of water. A particularly promising reactor is the Microlith®-based reactor developed by Precision Com- bustion, Inc. (PCI) (Junaedi et al., 2011). The Microlith® substrate is made up on a series of "ultra-short-channel-length" metallic meshes that are wash coated with the desired catalyst. These Microlith® structures are reported to provide extremely good reaction rates that will allow us to operate the Microlith®-based Sabatier reactor at high space velocities. The rate of mass transfer-controlled reaction is directly related to the Geometric Surface Area (GSA) and inversely related to the boundary layer thickness. PCI’s Microlith® has a higher GSA and a lower boundary layer thickness compared to a conventional Monolith and hence the mass transfer rates in a Microlith®-based reactor will be better than a monolith based reactor. The heat transfer properties of the Microlith® are also reported to be better than that of a conventional monolith. The superior heat transfer properties help with avoiding local hot spots and hence help to avoid catalyst sintering. It is to be noted that since a monolith-based reactor is already expected to be better than a packed bed reactor in terms of the heat and mass transfer properties, PCI’s Microlith®-based reactor can be expected to perform significantly better that the traditional packed bed reactor. A successful mechanical vibration test was also performed on the reactor toPDF Image | ISRU Challenge Production of O2 and Fuel from CO2
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