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MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS

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MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS ( manufacture-chemicals-by-electrolysis )

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CHAPTEE I. ELECTBOLYTIC HYDROGEN AJSD OXYGEN. OZONE. THE electrolytic decomposition of water provides a suit- able introduction to the manufacture of chemicals by electrolysis. Many of the processes described herein de- pend upon the employment of electrolytic hydrogen and oxygen, and the electrolysis of water furnishes a convenient subject with which to introduce certain fundamental prin- ciples and electrical quantities. Since 1895 several forms of apparatus and plant have been on the market for providing hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysing water. They are largely employed in ac- cumulator works where the oxy-hydrogen flame is needed for lead-welding, and'also in metallurgical processes where a high temperature flame is necessary for melting refrac- tory metals such as platinum. The production of these two gases by electrolysis for storage and transport can only be commercially successful when the cheapest power is utilised, because there are established economical processes for making both oxygen and hydrogen. Pure water is practically a non-electrolyte, and in order that it may become a conductor, a small quantity of acid, alkali, or soluble salt must be dissolved in it. On passing (1) 1

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