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density employed is 60-120 amps, per dm. HTDEOXTLAMINB 33 to this gas is direct, and depends upon the specific action of the metal. For the preparation of hydroxylamine, dilute nitric acid may be used, but the strength of the sulphuric acid into which the nitric acid is dropped or slowly run, should not be less than 40 per cent. Tafel showed that the sulphate is comparatively stable in the presence of sulphuric acid even at a temperature of 40°C. He obtained the hydrochloride by using hydro- chloric acid in place of sulphuric acid, and a cathode of spongy tin gave satisfactory results. The reduction may be represented by the equation :— HN03 + 3H2 = NH20H + 2H2O. According to the patents of Boehringer and Sohne, a two-compartment cell is employed containing 50 per cent, sulphuric acid in each compartment. The cathode is of amalgamated lead, whilst the anode is lead. A 50 per cent, nitric acid solution is dropped into the cathode com- partment during the passage of the current, and the tem- perature kept below 20° by cooling coils. The current 2 2 According to a French patent, an anode of platinum is used with a tin cathode. Sodium nitrate solution is dropped into the cathode compartment, and the anolyte is sodium chloride solution. The yield of hydroxylamine is said to be 60-80 per cent, and chlorine is a by-product. A suitable arrangement for producing hydrochloride on a large scale is described by E. H. Pritchett. 3 The 12 D.B.P. 133457,137697 (1902). Fr. Pat. 318978, 322943 (1903). 3 J. Atner. Chem. Soc, 1916,38,2042. 3 1PDF Image | MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS
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