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CHAPTEE IV. THE ELECTBOLYTIC PEEPAEATION OF PIGMENTS AND INSOLUBLE SUBSTANCES. THE production of such substances as white lead, lead sulphate, oxides, hydroxides, and sulphides of the heavy metals, can be effected by the electrolysis of a suitable solu- tion, such as sodium (or potassium) nitrate, chloride, or sulphate, with an attackable anode and a cathode of plati- num or some metal not attacked by the electrolyte. For example, a solution of sodium sulphate, when electro- lysed between a copper anode and a platinum cathode, furnishes SO4 ions at the anode which attack the copper and produce copper sulphate; simultaneously, sodium hydroxide is formed at the cathode by the interaction of the water with the discharged sodium. The two substances react, and copper hydroxide is precipitated. The general utility of this process was outlined by E. 1 Lorenz in 1896. He employed a bath of alkali chloride, nitrate or sulphate, with a platinum cathode and an anode of that metal, the hydroxide of which was to be precipitated. This investigation established the following facts: In pot- assium chloride solution, a copper anode gives yellowish cuprous hydroxide, whilst in a potassium nitrate solution x £eitsch.anorg. Chem., 1896,12,436. (40)PDF Image | MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS
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