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42 THE MANUFACTUEE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTEOLYSIS For example, a cadmium anode in sodium chloride solu- tion yields cadmium chloride by the reaction of the discharged chlorine with the metal, whilst the hydrogen liberated at the cathode reacts with the copper sulphide to form hydrogen sulphide, H2 + Cu2S = 2Cu + H2S, and the gas precipitates cadmium sulphide. In this manner the sulphides of copper, silver, cadmium, tin, lead, iron, and nickel can be formed without employing either hydrogen sulphide or alkali sulphide, and there is no necessity to wash the product till free from alkali or hydro- gen sulphide, because it is formed in a neutral solution. In those cases where the anodic compound formed by the action of the discharged anions upon the anode metal is insoluble, i.e. lead sulphate formed by the action of sulphate ions upon a lead anode, the anode is speedily covered with the insoluble product, and further action is 1 prevented. Luckow showed that this difficulty can be obviated by using a considerable quantity of a secondary salt (sodium chlorate), the anions of which attack the anode and " crowd out" the anions of the primary salt, so that precipitation takes place a short distance from the anode, and the product falls continuously to the bottom of the vat instead of clinging to the anode surface. The use of a secondary salt has been applied in the 2 manufacture of white lead. electrolyte a 1*5 per cent, solution of a mixture consist- . Elektrochem., 1903, 9, 797; D.R.P. 91707(1897); 105143 Trans.Amer. Electrochem., 1904,5,230; U.S.Pat. 644779(1900). 2 Luckow recommends asPDF Image | MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS
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