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ELECTROLYTIC PREPARATION OF PIGMENTS 45 1 C. IT.Burgess and 0. Hambuechen, in 1903, investigated the various conditions requisite for the electrolytic produc- tion of a good white lead. They found that a two-compart- ment cell is necessary to obtain a pure product. W h e n lead anodes and sodium nitrate solution are employed a certain quantity of basic lead salt is produced, and there is not therefore a 100 per ce&t. formation of pure lead nitrate. The reduction of sodium nitrate at copper cathodes cannot be prevented so that a certain amount of ammonia is formed, and the solution being alkaline after a time, plumbates are formed and a layer of spongy lead is de- posited on the cathode. If, therefore, the cathode com- partment be not separated from the anode, the loosely- deposited cathodic lead will fall into the white lead which is collecting at the bottom of the cell. It is advisable to make the electrolyte acid in the neighbourhood of the anode. Burgess and Hambuechen tried N/10 nitric acid, and found, after a trial run, that the cathode liquor contained caustic soda 25 grams, ammonia 3'5 grams, sodium nitrite 0*16 gram, and sodium nitrate 54*3 grams per litre. The anode solution contained lead nitrate 113*5 grams, and sodium nitrate 57'6 grams per litre. According to these authors, sodium acetate gives better results than nitrate, but of course is more expensive. Isenberg has pointed out that in precipitating substances like white lead, by anodic action and subsequent precipita- tion in the same vat, it is necessary to employ dilute 1 2 Trans. Amerfflectrochem.,1903, 3, 299. Zeitsch.Elektroclieni., 1903,9,275.PDF Image | MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS
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